Protein Kinase C and NF-kB–Dependent CD4 Downregulation in Macrophages Induced by T Cell-Derived Soluble Factors: Consequences for HIV-1 Infection

Protein kinase C and NF-κB-dependent CD4 downregulation in macrophages induced by T cell-derived soluble factors: consequences for HIV-1 infection.

Upon activation, CD4(+) T cells release cytokines, chemokines, and other soluble factors that influence the kinetics of HIV-1 replication in macrophages (M). In this article, we show that activation of human primary T cells suppresses the early stages of HIV-1 replication in human primary Mφ by downregulating the main cellular receptor for the virus CD4. The secreted factors responsible for thi...

Consequences for HIV-1 Infection Induced by T Cell-Derived Soluble Factors: CD4 Downregulation in Macrophages

Induction of phosphorylation and intracellular association of CC chemokine receptor 5 and focal adhesion kinase in primary human CD4+ T cells by macrophage-tropic HIV envelope.

Binding of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to the surface of a CD4+ cell transduces intracellular signals through the primary envelope receptor, CD4, and/or the envelope coreceptor, a seven-transmembrane chemokine receptor. Macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1 preferentially use CCR5 as an entry coreceptor, whereas T cell-tropic strains use CXC chemokine receptor-4 for entry. Intracellular signals t...

SDF-1/CXCL12: A Chemokine in the Life Cycle of HIV

Since 1986, the beginning of our involvement in HIV research, our major interest was focused on the regulation of HIV-1 replication by the transcriptional host cell machinery. Thus, we successively investigated the consequences of inflammatory and specific responses in HIV replication in primary monocytes and memory CD4 T cells, and explored with special emphasis the role played by the transcri...

Caspase inhibition in neuroinflammation induced by soluble β amyloid monomer, protects cells from abnormal survival and proliferation, via attenuation of NFқB activity

Introduction: Evidence suggests that neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases is correlated with inflammatory reactions. The beneficial or detrimental role of apoptosis in neuroinflammation is unclear. Elucidating this question may be helpful in management of neurodegenerative diseases. Since TNF-α is able to induce apoptosis as well as increased viability of the cells by activation ...